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LIST

Newsletter of the Long Island Sinclair / Timex Users' Group

NEXT LIST MEETING MARCH 9th, 1997

L.I.S.T. officers

Pres. Harvey Rait Vice Pres. Bob Giider Tresurer Robert Malloy Cor. Secy. John Pazmino Assoc. Editors Fred Stern Harvey Rait

Publisher Bob Gilder

Libr. Tom Skapinski a E E R, Please send all inquiries and submissions (including dues)

to: L.I.S.T.

Mr. Harvey Rait 5 Peri Lane,

Valley Stream, N. Y. 11581 a

COMING EVENTS: The next L.I.S.T. meeting will be Sunday 2/869/'97 at 2 P.M. at the home of Harvey Rait (see address above).

One le copy sent upon of business size SASE. ies acet on Exchange bests wih other Bone fide samp receipt Copies pr pe

user groups. We are always for poh pian: reviews, etc to keep enterfained You meinten full l credit and copyright 0 Portions of a sien ige ftp race need for written consent. Please give credit to LISTing when disclaims responsibility for any damage to your computer as a result of reading any

whdee Sistine

yu VUNG

From: Vic Avery. Head Librarian.

44 Redhill Park, Redhill Lane, Watten, Norfolk. IP25 RE. Tel/Fax; (81953)-882113. (Mobile 0802-674677)

My Ref: D7/SLib701 Jan.1997

To: All Sub Librarians, (Copy to Software Controller),

Ref: QUANTA LIBRARY - Update 97/81

Wishing you all a Happy New Year, with the latest update.

Enclosed are 19 disks in total - Yes 19 !!, The members have kept the QC very busy since our last update. There are 12 Replacement disks, plus 7 new Additions: (EDØ7 to ED11, CT @3 plus UG17), to your Library Disk Set. :

You will note that UG17 is on a HIGH DENSITY disc. If your system is unable to handle this format, then please ask members who require copies to contact another Sub-Lib. or ayself.

The Library Guide disk L6 81, has been updated, and includes these changes, and also some amendments to the _doc files.

The following is a summary of the changes made, for your information.

Disk No, Action. L6 @1 Updated 97/81 (Please check your own details are correct). CT @2 Addition of NET_PEEK (6.6wilt) CT @3 New Disk with QLINK (Bill Cable) ED @7 to ED 11 5 New Disks with the CIA WORLD FACT BOOK (D. Jones). GR @4 Add 3-DPIE (G. Wicks) which somehow got deleted in the past G&R @5 New Disk with LINEDESIGN files (R.Wood) also ‘lost’ from 6RO4 and LASSUS (J.Terry) added. PS @7 Upgrade of IGItoAR (R.Kempton) and ARCHY (J.Terry) added. UG @3 Addition of HMTL MACHINE (R. Wood) UG 12 Upgrade of PHONELOG (M.Knight) Includes Videotron services UE 13 Upgrade of FILE UTILITIES v 1.18 (MH. Knight) UG 15 Upgrade of UTILITIES (D. Celik). UG 16 Upgrade of POINTER ENVIRONMENT KIT (R. Kempton) UG 17 New HD Disc with ASSEMBLER (6.Gwilt). UD 81 Addition of DISP2 (6.Gwilt) A compact listing prog. UT @2 Addition of PEX (P.Recktenwald) A PE handler extension.

Once more our sincere thanks are due to John Gregory, the Quality Controller, for his work in checking and colating the programs prior to Circulation. Also for his update notice which includes details of the new programs for members information, and should appear in the next issue of QUANTA.

My thanks to you all for your patience & continued support. & Happy QL’'ing.... Regards,

(V.G. Avery) oat

Quanta Head Librarian. Please complete the receipt slip below and return it to the Head Librarian. (An address label is enclosed).

Please notify any change of address/Tel.No etc, if applicable.

bed Saat “nd

for the ZX 81

by Dave Goodman

* 3 Programmable Tone Generators * Noise Generator with 3 Pitch Levels * Separate Attenuators for Noise and

Tone Generators

* Entry from PEEK and POKE in BASIC * Connects Directly into the Expansion Port Socket

ASS CISL EEA OW

(or into the motherboard) * Single Address Access

This sound generator is a worthy addition to our 2X81 hardware projects. Almost infinite Possibilities for sound and noise effects that can be added to your own programs for greater realism.

Circuit Description

ICs 1, 2, and 3 are connected to the computer address lines Al to A15. This means that all addresses up to 65534 may be presented, so a decoder is required to examine all lines, but only to respond to a

AA 1N4148 AS 1c1 A4 All 8 A10 5

Figure 1: Circuit diagram

Particular address. The address code used here is 16370, which lies between the 16360 and 16380 used in our I/O port project. A@ is not used, so a further address of 16371 exists.

A negative going address decode pulse appears at the output of IC2, and is used to latch data into IC4 and enable IC6. To avoid corruption of data into IC6 the output of IC4 must be latched to the data code before IC6 is enabled. ;

Buffers IC5a and b delay the enable pulse

Pin 14 1Cs1,.2,385 Pin20 IC4

§x100n

Pin? 1Cs1,2,385 Pint IC4

just enough to allow IC4 to latch before enabling IC6. IC6 pin 4 READY line controls the duration of the WRITE ENABLE (pin 5) and CHIP ENABLE pulse for correct circuit operation, via IC5c. R1 and C1 smoothe the +5V supply, to keep noise spikes down toa minimum, and audio output is taken from IC6 pin 7, via low pass filter R3 and C2, to the output pins 1 and 2. IC5d buffers the 3.22MHz clock, and prevents lengthy track runs from crashing the 2X81.

Most important is D1. You may be aware that because of incomplete address de- coding, the 2X81 ROM is repeated between address 8193 and 16383, which is an unused area between ROM and system variables. These addresses can be POKEd providing that the ROM is deselected at that time, and D1 conducts when A13 is high, freeing this area for use.

Assembly and Construction

Insert all track pins and both vero pins. Fit all six DIL sockets, R1, 2, and 3 and C2. Fit disc ceramics C3 to C7 and C1 and C8 noting the polarity markings. Insert all ICs the cor- rect way found, then clean the PCB and make the final inspection for short circuits and dry joints.

Testing and Use

If you do not possess a mother board you will require a 2 x 23 way socket to solder onto the PCB edge connector, otherwise pluginto your motherboard. The signal is insufficient to drive a loudspeaker direct, as it is only 300mvV in amplitude, so you will need an external amplifier and speaker connected to pins 1 (signal) and 2 (screen). Switch on the 2X81 and a cacophony of noise should be heard. Run the following test program:—

10. REM TEST PROGRAM

15 LET A = 16370

20 INPUT B

25 POKE A,B

30 GOTO 10 :

Press RUN then NEWLINE and input the following codes followed by NEWLINE after each code: 159 191 223 255 (you should hear the tones disappearing one by one until all the signals are off) 144 128 64. A low frequency tone of approximately 98Hz (G2)

ENERATOR

Ms i Hees

should be heard. Any number between 1 and 64 may now be entered and the appropriate tone should be audible. Refer to the following listing for access codes and settings.

To input data into tone generator 1 only, first enter the required volume level from the attenuation codes. The first code given is maximum volume, e.g. Tone generator 1 = 144 and attenuation levels are in 15 x 2dB steps down to 159, which is fully off. Next enter the tone generator access code, which in this example is 128, followed by the required frequency. The frequency: range covers 98Hz (G2) up to 6.3kHz (G8) in 64 steps, code 1 being the highest frequency and code 64 being the lowest, so enter 64. The entered codes are now 144, 128, 64, which is tone generator 1 producing an

at Sere

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boerd is available, caed the ZX81 Extend! bosrd (GEOGJ} snd will_sccept

Raat Ge Bes F240 $0 255 (OFF) E 57 output of 98Hz at full volume. As a Tone Generator access code was entered after the attenuator, the frequency can be changed as desired, but if an attenuator code is now entered, 144 to 159 in this example, the frequency can only be altered by entering the access code, 128, again, and then a frequency code.

Keep in mind that when a register is accessed it will remain ‘on line’ awaiting further update input codes. Access to Tone Generators 2 and 3 is in the same manner, except that the codes are differcnt. !f you enter 144, 128; and 64 to set up‘a tone in Generator 1, then enter 176, 160 and 32. Two tones will now be heard, with Generator 2 an octave above Generator 1. Entering a

nerator 2.

external BG t thé ‘Sincieir.16k RAM peck sad up to 3 plug-in modules. In addition a0 the PCB you will require 4 PC Edgé Connectors (RK360} ”!

: Ai aetna wales bln r+ Pin thas he La tei OH we, demic sehot, ics

so V'O*,

“©0000 | O 0000 |

EIAS E OAE IIR NAA AN CRETE OA AN

Figure 2: Overlay and artwork

Pulse and noise effects r: juire attenu- ation codes and an access cc .e only. Once the attenuation level has been set noise and pulse codes are entered and are im- mediately audible.

Tone Generator 3 can be used to control either noise or pulse registers and code 231 followed by 192 allows control of white noise pitch by entering 1 to 64. Similarly, code 227 followed by 192 allows control of a 480Hz pulse tone byentering 1 to 64, and the lowest frequency possible is 6Hz.

Obviously, the best way to understand the system is to use it, therefore a few simple programs are given for assistance, shown at the end of this article. When writing music programs remember that G2 to G8 spans 73 notes and control only covers 64 notes, therefore higher frequency notes tend to become sharper in relation to the. lower octaves. E

Run these programs in SLOW mode:—

10 REM ZMD878DMZ M0878DM182.°.2 8Z2MD878DMSMI EDFJMZMD878DM

| 15 LET A= 16370

20 LET B= 16514

25 FOR J= 1 TO 48

30 FOR I= 1 T0 15

35 NEXT I

40 POKE A, (PEEK B)

45 LET B = B+]

50 NEXT J

55 GOTO 10

10 REM PHOTON BLAST 15 LET A = 16370 20 POKE A, 159 25 POKE A, 191 30 POKE A, 223 35 POKE A, 148 40 POKE A, 240 45 POKE A, 231 50 POKE A, 192 55 FOR J = TO 30 STEP 2 60 POKE A, J

65 POKE A, 128 70 POKE A, J

75 POKE A, 192 80 NEXT J

85 POKE A, 159 90 POKE A, 228 95 POKE A, 247 100 INPUT C$

110 GOTO 10

Press NEWLINE to fire. To remove back- ground hiss, delete line 90 and change line

95 to POKE A. 255.

Press break to stop sequence.

10 REM GUN SHOT 15 LET A = 16370 20 POKE A, 159

25 POKE A, 191

30 POKE A, 223

35 POKE A, 240

40 POKE A, 23

45 FOR J = 240 TO 255 . 50 POKE A, J

55 NEXT J

60 INPUT E$

65 GOTO 10

After RUN press NEWLINE to fire.

Prompted by the many requests received from our customers for a series of interfaces allowing add-on expansion to the Spectrum computer, the VO Controller module is offered to achieve this. Although not a programmable parallel/serial device in itself, the VO Controller will decode 8 independant select control lines with data bus access via a bi-directional buffer. Buffered read and write lines are also available, thus establishing CPU protocol during VO time.

It is intended that the controller be used with latch modules, serial interfaces and speect/sound generators which will be available from Maplin, designed as an expandable system to extend the Spectrum's capabilities. Of course, many other commercial add-on’s could be controlled by this module, especially in the field of Robotics.

Circuit Description

The Z80 CPU IN/OUT accumulator instruction determines the state of the lower (A0 - AT) address bus. This effectively allows 256 input/output ports for use either from the keyboard or with machine code. Spectrum firmware _ uses AO to A4 for printer, key scanning, Cassette and sound functions leaving A5 to A7 free for use with suitably decoded

Bin e

REE ES CAF ECOL PZ.

address lines. IC] determines when firmware is active and prevents the address decoder IC2 from being accessed. Assuming that a valid I/O Port address is presented, say 31, then the enable input of IC2 (pin 5) is taken low when A0 to A4 is logic high.

AS, 6 and 7 will be logic low, whereupon IC2 IORQ pin 4 is enabled and the decoded output appears on pin 15. There are eight select outputs (CS) from IC2, but only one may be accessed at any time. Address lines AS to A7 determine which one of these CS outputs are active and Table 1 shows each I/O address associated with their respective control lines.

Table 1 5

wet Ae pee 95° 2

IC3 buffers the eight CS lines and produces an active low output. Alter- natively, these outputs could all be made active logic high by fitting an inverting 74LS240 in place of IC3. A bi-directional data buffer, IC5, connects the Spectrum data bus to the port outputs for reading (PRD) and writing (PWR) operations. The PRD control line will not be active (logic 0) during the PWR sequence. Therefore, the data bus state always appears on the outputs of IC5 irrespective of correct port addresses being available or not! To read information in from. the port, both IORQ and one of the eight CS lines must be active. IC4a OR’s both of the enable signals producing a logic 0 to send to IC4b. When a logic 0 read signal is presented, IC5 switches the port data bus through to the Spectrum bus. This arrangement ensures isolation between the CPU and the outside world. The regulator, REG], supplies the +5V for powering port electronics and is tapped into the Spectrum 9V PSU. Although a +5V regulated output has been brought out to the expansion connector, the current available is small. Additional loading of the internal regulator will increase heatsink temperature — and May cause overheating problems - especially on 48K machines with Inter- face 1 attached.

faciuuves ior connecung an external PSU have been added which connect to the IDC outlet for powering modules connected to the port. R9, D1 can be used as a power orvoff sensing device and control to these devices — more on this later. Finally, the system RESET line is extended through so that the Spectrum can be externally reset, and/or periphals reset during power up. The reset line is active low, and reset occurs after a low to high transition has been initiated.

Construction

Begin construction by first fitting the 2 x 28 way Edge Connector into the PCB, (Figure 5). Insert the terminal pins from the track side, and not the legended component side. You will see a blank locating peg fitted in position 5 of the connector; line it up with the PCB so that it sits directly behind but on the opposite side to the bar on the legend. Do not cut off any of the connector pins as they are used for mounting an expansion PCB, as we shall see shortly. Carefully push every terminal pin through the PCB leaving a 4mm gap between the rear of the connector and the PCB. This allows for clearance when fitting the module into a box, otherwise not enough of the socket protrudes for insertion into the Spectrum. Make sure that both the PCB and the socket are at right angles to one another with an even 4mm gap along the back and solder all terminal pins to the PCB, on the component side! Each drilled hole has plated through connections joining the tracks on both sides of the board so it is only necessary to solder one side. Ensure the connector does not move whilst doing this as it can be quite difficult to straighten out afterwards.

Expansion PCB

The smaller expansion PCB can be fitted at this stage although it is not part of the port section. All address, data, control and supply lines found on the Spectrum connector are extended out with this board. Note that no buffering or port outputs are available from here, just direct connections. Figure 5 shows all relevant details. In position 5 on both

edges of this PCB, there are slots cut for:

alignment purposes. Insert the PCB between both rows of connector pins “standing out from the main PCB with the slot against the legend bar. Gently bend all 54 terminal pins towards the expansion PCB until it is self supporting at right angles to the main PCB and solder each pin to the relevant track. Clean off surplus flux with brush and thinners and inspect every solder joint made so far. There must not be any short circuits between tracks or terminals; otherwise damage may occur to the Spectrum when running the port! As an extra precaution, use an ohmeter or multimeter set to measure resistance and test for shorts between adjacent tracks across and between both sides of the expansion PCB. A little time spent - carefully checking at this stage is likely to prevent major headaches later on.

Figure 1. Circuit Diagram

Figure 2. PCB Overlay

+5V 6x0-tuF [es [es fer [ce f»

l (EILIT

DON ON AUN ~

External PSU

8x 4k7

Se ae tee te ee ee ee A

With reference to the Parts List and Figure 2, insert all five IC holders, noting that those for IC's 1 and 4 are 16 pin types, IC's 3 and 5 are 20 pin and IC2 is a 14 pin type. Push them down onto the PCB, then carefully solder each terminal in place. Mount C5, 6 and 7, which are circular disc capacitors, ensuring clear- ance between leads and nearby tracks. Next insert resistors R1 to R9. They are all of the same value and colour coded: Yellow, Violet, Red (‘normal’ code), or Yellow, Violet, Black, Brown (5 band code). Fit diode D1 which must be the Correct way around with the Cathode (K) or ringed end pointing to the outside edge of the PCB. Align the band with the legend. Now insert capacitors Ci, 2, 3 and 4. These electrolytic type capacitors are polarised and must only be fitted one way around. The case or negative end is designated with a -V sign on the package, or by the shortest of two leads. Unmarked or longest leads are then +V; insert according to the legend. Finally, the 3-pin regulator REG] can be fitted with the flat side containing the heatsink bracket laying over a section of track on the PCB. Bend all 3 terminals downward, approximately 6mm away from the plastic body and locate each one through its mounting hole. This square of copper track beneath the regulator helps to dissipate heat radiated from the heatsink, although it is fairly insignificant. Solder remaining components in place, remove excess leads, wires etc, and clean track face with brush and thinners. Because plated through holes have been incorp- orated, it is possible for solder to run down to the component side of the PCB. Therefore, closely inspect both sides of the board, looking for short circuits and probable errors.

IDC Header

Every connection to and from the port is made via a 26-way IDC header plug. To fit this plug, slot the terminal pins over the PCB solder pads situated along the top edge, according to the diagrams of Figures 3 and 4. Arrange all terminals centrally to each pad and push the plastic body down onto the board edge. One side of the plug has a locating slot cut down it — arrange this facing outwards — which is situated on the track side of the PCB (same side as the 28-way socket!). Solder in place. It does not matter which side the slot faces, but Figure 4 notation is arranged for this particular configuration, so best stay with this standard.

Final Assembly

Insert IC's into their sockets. Look- ing from the front of an IC with the D’ slot facing left, pin 1 will be the first pin beneath the slot. Be careful to observe this! Fit the 5 Vero pins by inserting them from the track side and gently push their heads down onto the track pad before soldering in position. Again, re-check all work done and when satisfied that all is well, proceed with testing the module.

2x28 way connector}

Solder connector pins to small extension pcb.

Figure 5. Fixing 2x28-Way Edge Connecto:

Figure 4. Fidng 2x13-Way Header to PCB

7x Spectrum

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taut, noO CAPs LOCK

Testing the Module

Refer to Figures 3, 4 and 8 for testing. You will again need the services of a good multimeter, a length of hook-up wire and a diode, which should be left over after construction.

Solder two short lengths of wire to each end of the diode as in figure 8 and strip, then tin the opposite ends.

With PSU disconnected, plug the VO controller module into the Spectrum expansion port. Turn on the power and check the- usual start-up routine and cursor appears. Now try all keyboard operations and make sure they function normally; if not, switch off immediately and remove the module. In this case, take out all IC’s and re-insert the module — repeat the same check as before. The most common cause of problems is usually due to incorrect assembly and soldering, so if the Spectrum functions O.K. with the IC's out, then one or more of them may be suspect.

Set the multimeter to read 8V DC and connect with the negative lead attached to the heatsink of REG] (OV) and positive lead to REG] output pin, marked with an arrow. Expect a reading of +49 to +8.1V on the supply rail Remove the meter.

Type in PROGRAM 1 and RUN it.

Each 1 of 8 ports will be addressed and the DATA bus read. The left hand column lists each port and the right hand shows the data read which, for this test, should be &H FF (255) for every port address.

ENTER NEW and type in

PROGRAM 2.

RUN this program, input address 223 and data received will be displayed as zero, in the right hand column opposite. Take the test diode and connect the cathode (K) to CS7 — port address 223 — and the anode (A) to PDO. Figure 3 details the appropriate IDC terminals. A new data reading of 1 should be displayed, due to the CS7 select line going low and pulling data line PDO low with it. In fact, the data is inverted and is really 284 as

PROGRAM. 3 =

10 FOR I=31 TO 255 STEP 32 20 PRINT I,IN I

NEXT I

—_—_—_—_————————————

PROGRAM 2

CLS: RESTORE 200

PRINT "ADDRESS";

PRINT TAB 10; "SELECT(CS)"; PRINT TAB 23; "DATA": PRINT

FOR I=1 TO 8:READ a,ce

PRINT TAB 2; a;

PRINT TAB 15;cs;

PRINT TAB 21; "**eeeem"

PRINT: NEXT I | INPUT "ENTER ADDRESS"; p |

110 RESTORE 200 Su : | 120 FOR J=1 TO 8:READ a,cs

130 IF p=a THEN GOTO 150

140 NEXT J:GOTO 1606

150 IF INKEY$<>"" THEN GOTO 15¢

160 PRINT AT 21,$;"PRESS ENTER TO CHANGE ADDRESS"

170 PRINT AT INT(P/16)+1,23;255-IN pj"%*"

180 IF INKEY$=CHR$ 13 THEN GOTO 19

190 GOTO 17¢

200 DATA 31,1,63,2,95,3,127,48,159,5,191,6,223,7,255,8

PROGRAM 3

10 CLS

20 FOR J=31 TO 255 STEP 32 30 FOR I=@ TO 255

hO PRINT AT 5) 7; "PORT ="; 50 PRINT "DATA ="};I

60 OUT J,I

70.PAUSE 19

80 NEXT I:CLS

90 NEXT J: PRINT "END"

in mm Smm cak. on

Figure 7. Fidng PCB into Box

Fei lO FD: are al pulled high by Further Expansion

resistors R1 — R8, thus returning 255 — 1. Additional modules designed to be canal 7 the poma inverts data = z used with the controller module will be readings for clarity during testing. available, such as a parallel/serial system Removing the test diode from PDO will i for SE. spolicntions: a cause data to return to 0. Repeat this test sound/speech generator with amplifier on the remaining seven data lines PD) to and speaker and a 4channel PWM re ree CS7 only, checking for data 2, servo/motor drive module. Some of these

, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128. All combinations projects can be found in this issue and

from 0 to 255 can be found by joining th i i diti different data lines together and connect- ee A

ing to CS7 as required. Press ENTER and

-input a new port address from the list. Figure 8. Test Diode Interface 1 Again repeat previous tests with the test i The VO module should function

diode connected to the selected CS pin normally with Interface 1 although this until all eight addresses and CS lines cannot be guaranteed in every case. We have been checked. Only data input to have found that some series 3/3B 48K the port is read in while running program machines do not tolerate extra ‘add on's' 2 and a good indication of correct especially when the ZX printer is operation results in doing this. However, attached, possibly due to excessive data output should also be checked but loading on the PSU.

this operation is not quite as easy. To test :

port WRITE requires additional hard- ware in the form of latching registers and LED's, and figure 9 shows a suitable circuit of this type. Data placed at the 74LS374 inputs is clocked into the latch during the WRITE cycle and appears at the Q outputs. Sending out data codes

Fitting into a case

Should it be required to enclose the modulé, and it is highly. recommended this be done, Figures 6 and 7 give the necessary cutting and drilling details for the box. There are 3 cut-outs to be made 0 — 255 will bring on the appropriate and 4 holes to be drilled in the-lid for combination of LED'S at this time but not mounting the PCB. Use 4 Yin 6BA during the read cycle. PROGRAM 3 can WRITE Function spacers, bolts and nuts for this purpose. be used with Figure 9, with c.ct Fitting a 5-pin DIN plug into the box connected to the VO module where each sidewall will allow a neat connection for port and data code will be set up. an external PSU, if required, or perhaps a

larger box could be used for containing External PSU both the PSU and the VO module. As mentioned before, external

power source connections can be brought into the VO PCB and hence to the IDC plug. Note that these supplies do not drive the module at all. +12V, —12V, +5V and OV inputs are available which can be extended to peripheral devices along the IDC cable and connector. Also Figure 10 shows a simple application for disabling or enabling these power rail connections when turning the Spectrum off or on — this being useful for preventing false triggering or even damage from occurring.

Final Hints

Control lines CS] — 8, PRD and PWR are all active low (0V). Use CS to select. the peripheral device and PRD/PWR to enable Tri-state buffers on the data bus. Remember to connect the common OV line as well! Only the addresses in TABLE 1 are decoded so if . you are using several different modules as well as this module, check what codes can be used without clashing with any others.

hres

A kit of the above parts is available. Order As LE65V (Spctrm VO Cntrir Kt) Price £17.95 The following are also available separately, but do not appear in the 1985 catalogue: fe Spectrum VO Controller PCB Order As GB80B Price £5.75 :: Spectrum Pin Extension PCB Order As GB81C Price £1.85 .

ATTENTION LIST Subscribers: When it is time to renew your membership, ~. (look at your mailing label), please make out your check to Harvey Rait, LIST President or to Robert Malloy, Treasurer. PLEASE DO NOT MAKE OUT YOUR CHECK to LIST. Our bank requires a large amount of money in a savings account in order to cash checks. THANK YOU!

Harvey Rait Robert Malloy 5 Peri Lane, 412 Pacific Street, Valley Stream, NY 11581 Massapequa Park, NY 11762

Due to rising postage costs outside of the United States, we must raise our annual dues accordingly:

USA postage $16.00 CANADA and MEXICO $17.50 US, and the rest of the world $24.00 US.

Bob Malloy, LIST Treasurer